Coefficient of correlation and root mean squared error considered for performance evaluation indicated that the proposed approach is promising. Comparison is shown between flood hazard map obtained based on true at-site data and that derived based on the proposed MRFA approach by considering the respective sites to be pseudo-ungauged. Potential of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study on catchments in Mahanadi river basin of India, which extends over 141,600 km 2 and is frequently prone to floods. The approach alleviates several uncertainties found in conventional methods (based on conceptual, probabilistic or geomorphological approaches) which affect estimation of flood hazard. Thus, the synthetic flood hydrographs generated in river basins appear more realistic depicting the observed dependence structure among flood hydrograph characteristics. An advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to account for uncertainty in catchment regionalization and dependency between all the flood hydrograph related characteristics reliably. The MRFA approach is designed to predict flood hydrograph related characteristics (peak flow, volume and duration of flood) at target locations in ungauged basins by considering watershed related characteristics as predictor/explanatory variables. It involves (i) use of a newly proposed clustering methodology for regionalization of catchments, which accounts for uncertainty arising from ambiguity in choice of various potential clustering algorithms (which differ in underlying clustering strategies) and their initialization, (ii) fitting of a multivariate extremes model to information pooled from catchments in homogeneous region to generate synthetic flood hydrographs at ungauged target location(s), and (iii) routing of the hydrographs through the flood plain using LISFLOOD-FP model to derive probabilistic flood hazard map. To address this, a novel multivariate regional frequency analysis (MRFA) approach is proposed. In the case of ungauged catchments, however, there is a dearth of procedures for prediction of flood hazard maps. For gauged catchments, historical streamflow and/or rainfall data may be used to determine design flood hydrographs and the corresponding hazard maps using various strategies. Each of those hydrographs is routed through the flood plain and probability of inundation for all locations in the plain is estimated to derive the probabilistic flood hazard map. To arrive at a probabilistic flood hazard map, several flood hydrographs are generated, representing possible scenarios for flood events over a long period of time (e.g., 500 to 1000 years). A more informative way of representing flood risk is through probabilistic hazard maps, which additionally provide information on the uncertainty associated with the extent of inundation. A flood hydrograph corresponding to a specified return period is derived using a hydrologic model, which is then routed through flood plain of the study area to estimate water surface elevations and inundation extent with the aid of a hydraulic model. Conventionally, flood hazard assessment is based on deterministic approach which involves deriving inundation maps considering hydrologic and hydraulic models. The points were a factor in selections for additional activities and in determining eligibility of the participants to apply for summer opportunities in later years, these opportunities ranged from virtual experiences to a multi-day program at Kennedy Space Center.Flood hazard maps are essential for development and assessment of flood risk management strategies. In this Online Community, students discussed STEM topics with other participants, INSPIRE alumnae who were in college, and NASA personnel, participated in weekly group chats with NASA scientists and engineers, and earnrf points for completing STEM activities. Those accepted into the program could participate in group research and design competitions. During the 2012–13 school year, there were 305 active students in INSPIRE. Students mostly participated in INSPIRE through an online learning community, and the program provided activities, projects and challenges, which were completed individually or with other INSPIRE students and/or NASA personnel. It was a year-round project designed for students in ninth to 12th grade interested in science, technology, engineering and mathematics topics and careers. NASA INSPIRE was a NASA educational program that operated between 20. Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring PlanetsĪstrophysics Strategic Mission Concept StudiesĬommercial Orbital Transportation ServicesĮdison Demonstration of Smallsat Networks